See skabʰ- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for skabʰ- meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skábʰ-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scabō",
"t": "to scratch, rub"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scabō (“to scratch, rub”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scabō (“to scratch, rub”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skabaną",
"t": "to shave, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skàbti",
"t": "to pick",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: skàbti (“to pick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: skàbti (“to pick”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-on-s ~ *skabʰ-en-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skabô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skabô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skabô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "schafa",
"t": "scraper"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: schafa (“scraper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: schafa (“scraper”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "scafa",
"t": "scraper"
},
"expansion": "Old English: scafa (“scraper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: scafa (“scraper”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-men-s ~ *skabʰ-mn-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάμμα",
"der": "1",
"t": "trench"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάμμα (skámma, “trench”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάμμα (skámma, “trench”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ter-s ~ *skabʰ-tr-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκαπτήρ",
"t": "digger"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκαπτήρ (skaptḗr, “digger”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκαπτήρ (skaptḗr, “digger”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skobʰ-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scobis",
"t": "sawdust"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scobis (“sawdust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scobis (“sawdust”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περίσκαψις",
"t": "digging around"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περίσκαψις (perískapsis, “digging around”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περίσκαψις (perískapsis, “digging around”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skàpti",
"pos": "infinitive",
"t": "to pluck"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skàpti (“to pluck”, infinitive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skàpti (“to pluck”, infinitive)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-iH-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scabies",
"t": "roughness of the skin, scabies"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scabies (“roughness of the skin, scabies”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scabies (“roughness of the skin, scabies”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skábʰ-es-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάφος",
"t": "ditch, ship's hull"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάφος (skáphos, “ditch, ship's hull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάφος (skáphos, “ditch, ship's hull”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skábʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skabaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skǫf",
"g": "n-p",
"t": "chips"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skǫf n pl (“chips”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skǫf n pl (“chips”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skaf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skabùs",
"der": "1",
"t": "sharp"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: skabùs (“sharp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: skabùs (“sharp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-eh₂-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάφη",
"t": "tub, ship"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάφη (skáphē, “tub, ship”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάφη (skáphē, “tub, ship”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scaber",
"t": "rough, scratchy, mangy"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scaber (“rough, scratchy, mangy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scaber (“rough, scratchy, mangy”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skabrùs",
"der": "1",
"t": "sharp",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Lithuanian: skabrùs (“sharp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(dialectal) ⇒? Lithuanian: skabrùs (“sharp”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "skabrs",
"t": "splintered, sharp"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: skabrs (“splintered, sharp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: skabrs (“splintered, sharp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*-skābʰ-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-skōbijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-skōbijaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-skōbijaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auðskæfr",
"t": "easy to smoothen"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: auðskæfr (“easy to smoothen”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: auðskæfr (“easy to smoothen”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάπτω",
"t": "to dig"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skōbti",
"t": "to scrape, carve, pick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skōbti (“to scrape, carve, pick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skōbti (“to scrape, carve, pick”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skabýti",
"t": "to cut, pick, break off"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skabýti (“to cut, pick, break off”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skabýti (“to cut, pick, break off”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skóbas",
"t": "sour"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skóbas (“sour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(dialectal) Lithuanian: skóbas (“sour”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "skâbs",
"t": "sour"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: skâbs (“sour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: skâbs (“sour”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skȍbľь",
"g": "m",
"t": "crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *skȍbľь m (“crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *skȍbľь m (“crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skobľiti",
"t": "to carve, to delve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *skobľiti (“to carve, to delve”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *skobľiti (“to carve, to delve”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ще́бень",
"g": "m",
"t": "crushed stone"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ще́бень m (ščébenʹ, “crushed stone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ще́бень m (ščébenʹ, “crushed stone”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skabʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scratch, scrape"
],
"id": "en-skabʰ--ine-pro-root-wd0izLyC",
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "skabʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skábʰ-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scabō",
"t": "to scratch, rub"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scabō (“to scratch, rub”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scabō (“to scratch, rub”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skabaną",
"t": "to shave, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skàbti",
"t": "to pick",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: skàbti (“to pick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: skàbti (“to pick”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-on-s ~ *skabʰ-en-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skabô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skabô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skabô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "schafa",
"t": "scraper"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: schafa (“scraper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: schafa (“scraper”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "scafa",
"t": "scraper"
},
"expansion": "Old English: scafa (“scraper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: scafa (“scraper”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-men-s ~ *skabʰ-mn-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάμμα",
"der": "1",
"t": "trench"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάμμα (skámma, “trench”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάμμα (skámma, “trench”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ter-s ~ *skabʰ-tr-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκαπτήρ",
"t": "digger"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκαπτήρ (skaptḗr, “digger”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκαπτήρ (skaptḗr, “digger”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skobʰ-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scobis",
"t": "sawdust"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scobis (“sawdust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scobis (“sawdust”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περίσκαψις",
"t": "digging around"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περίσκαψις (perískapsis, “digging around”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περίσκαψις (perískapsis, “digging around”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skàpti",
"pos": "infinitive",
"t": "to pluck"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skàpti (“to pluck”, infinitive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skàpti (“to pluck”, infinitive)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-iH-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scabies",
"t": "roughness of the skin, scabies"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scabies (“roughness of the skin, scabies”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scabies (“roughness of the skin, scabies”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skábʰ-es-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάφος",
"t": "ditch, ship's hull"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάφος (skáphos, “ditch, ship's hull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάφος (skáphos, “ditch, ship's hull”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skábʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skabaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skabaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skǫf",
"g": "n-p",
"t": "chips"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skǫf n pl (“chips”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skǫf n pl (“chips”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skaf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skabùs",
"der": "1",
"t": "sharp"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: skabùs (“sharp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: skabùs (“sharp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-eh₂-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάφη",
"t": "tub, ship"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάφη (skáphē, “tub, ship”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάφη (skáphē, “tub, ship”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*skabʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scaber",
"t": "rough, scratchy, mangy"
},
"expansion": "Latin: scaber (“rough, scratchy, mangy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: scaber (“rough, scratchy, mangy”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skabrùs",
"der": "1",
"t": "sharp",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Lithuanian: skabrùs (“sharp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(dialectal) ⇒? Lithuanian: skabrùs (“sharp”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "skabrs",
"t": "splintered, sharp"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: skabrs (“splintered, sharp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: skabrs (“splintered, sharp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*-skābʰ-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-skōbijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-skōbijaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-skōbijaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auðskæfr",
"t": "easy to smoothen"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: auðskæfr (“easy to smoothen”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: auðskæfr (“easy to smoothen”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάπτω",
"t": "to dig"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skōbti",
"t": "to scrape, carve, pick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skōbti (“to scrape, carve, pick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skōbti (“to scrape, carve, pick”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skabýti",
"t": "to cut, pick, break off"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skabýti (“to cut, pick, break off”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skabýti (“to cut, pick, break off”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skóbas",
"t": "sour"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skóbas (“sour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(dialectal) Lithuanian: skóbas (“sour”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "skâbs",
"t": "sour"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: skâbs (“sour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: skâbs (“sour”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skȍbľь",
"g": "m",
"t": "crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *skȍbľь m (“crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *skȍbľь m (“crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skobľiti",
"t": "to carve, to delve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *skobľiti (“to carve, to delve”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *skobľiti (“to carve, to delve”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ще́бень",
"g": "m",
"t": "crushed stone"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ще́бень m (ščébenʹ, “crushed stone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ще́бень m (ščébenʹ, “crushed stone”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skabʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to scratch, scrape"
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "skabʰ-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.